As property, the people were considered merchandise or units of labor and were sold at markets with other goods and services. By the middle of the 17th century, slavery had hardened into a racial caste, with Black African slaves and their future offspring being legally the property of their owners, as children born to slave mothers were also slaves. Another was the Dutch West India Company from the Netherlands. One of those companies was the Royal African Company (RAC) from Ireland. Voyages on the Middle Passage were large financial undertakings, generally organized by companies or groups of investors, not individuals. While the first Africans kidnapped to the English colonies were classified as indentured servants, with a similar legal standing as contract-based workers coming from Britain and Ireland.
Augustine, Florida, Charleston, South Carolina, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Jamestown, Virginia to plantations or other destinations where they would be put to work. The final Passage was the journey from the port of disembarkation to North American ports such as St. Moving up the coast of what would become South America white-Europeans invaded the Caribbean and Central America. Shipowners regarded the slaves as cargo to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible, there to be sold to work on coffee, tobacco, cocoa, sugar, and cotton plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, the construction industry, cutting timber for ships, in skilled labor, and as domestic servants. In the 1520s, their first destination of the Middle Passage was Brazil, the closest land west of Africa for Portuguese colonization in the western hemisphere or the “New World”, other Europeans soon followed. Though beginning in 1441, the Treaty of Tordesillas Tratado de Tordesilhas in 1494 made the Middle Passage public and official The First Passage was the transportation of captives (slaves) by the Portuguese, in the 15th century.
Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. Sometimes referred to as the Atlantic Slave Trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people. The Middle Passage was the stage of the white organized triangular trade in which millions of Black Africans were kidnapped and transported to the New World. *On this date in 1440 the Middle Passage is briefly described.
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